Evidence-Based

Research & Reports

Our advocacy is backed by rigorous research. Explore 78 peer-reviewed studies driving the movement for clean clothing.

Chemical Categories

Years of Research

Journals Cited

Showing 78 of 78 studies

Flame Retardants2022

Other Chemicals2022

Formaldehyde2022

General Review2019

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2024

Phthalates2021

General Review2021

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2021

Allergies & Dermatitis2023

Allergies & Dermatitis2024

Bisphenols2019

Bisphenols2024

Other Chemicals2025

Regulation2024

Phthalates2019

Phthalates2020

Phthalates2024

Phthalates2022

Phthalates2023

Phthalates2023

Phthalates2022

Phthalates2024

Phthalates2021

Other Chemicals2025

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2024

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2024

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2023

Dyes & Aromatic Amines2025

Bisphenols2023

Bisphenols2025

Other Chemicals2022

Other Chemicals2023

Other Chemicals2024

Other Chemicals2024

Flame Retardants2023

Other Chemicals2024

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2019

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2020

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2020

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2021

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2023

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2020

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2021

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2023

Microfibers & Nanoparticles2024

Allergies & Dermatitis2019

Allergies & Dermatitis2022

Allergies & Dermatitis2022

Allergies & Dermatitis2022

Allergies & Dermatitis2023

Other Chemicals2024

Allergies & Dermatitis2025

Research & Reports

Identifying dermal exposure as the dominant pathway of children's exposure to flame retardants in kindergartens

Human exposure to trace elements, aromatic amines and formaldehyde in swimsuits: Assessment of the health risks

PFAS in textiles in Europe's circular economy

Health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in baby clothes: A preliminary study

Early-Life Exposure to Formaldehyde through Clothing

Human health risks due to exposure to inorganic and organic chemicals from textiles: A review

Non-regulated aromatic amines in clothing purchased in Spain and Brazil: Screening-level exposure and health impact assessment

Hues of risk: investigating genotoxicity and environmental impacts of azo textile dyes

The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A review

Occurrence and health implications of heavy metals in preschool children's clothing manufactured in four Asian regions

Chemical hazards in textiles

Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 127: Some Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds

The prevalence and relevance of patch testing with textile dyes

Sensitization to textile dyes in Spain: Epidemiological situation (2019-2022)

Cobalt in the environment and its toxicological implications

Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities

Bisphenols in daily clothes from conventional and recycled material: evaluation of dermal exposure to potentially toxic substances

Porous nickel-cobalt phosphate with oxygen-rich vacancies grown on dopamine-modified cellulose textiles

Substances restricted under REACH (European Chemicals Agency)

Clothing as a potential exposure source of trace elements during early life

Phthalates in infant cotton clothing: occurrence and implications for human exposure

Phthalates in preschool children's clothing manufactured in seven Asian countries: occurrence, profiles and potential health risks

Multi-source exposure and health risks of phthalates among university students in Northeastern China

Face mask — a potential source of phthalate exposure for human

Dynamic variation and inhalation exposure of organophosphate esters and phthalic acid esters in face masks

Characteristics and health risks of population exposure to phthalates via the use of face towels

Seven-year-long screening of phthalate esters in clothing and textile products from a quality control laboratory

Phthalate esters in clothing: A review

Perinatal exposure to phthalates: from endocrine to neurodevelopment effects

Non-extractable PFAS in functional textiles — characterization by complementary methods: oxidation, hydrolysis, and fluorine sum parameters

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: an important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Total oxidizable precursor assay in the determination of perfluoroalkyl acids in textiles collected from the United States

An outdoor aging study to investigate the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from functional textiles

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in North American school uniforms

Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from durable water-repellent clothing during use

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products: current knowledge and research gaps

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Food and Human Dietary Intake: A Review of the Recent Scientific Literature

PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review

Non-invasive matrices for the human biomonitoring of PFAS: an updated review of the scientific literature

Guidance on PFAS exposure, testing, and clinical follow-up (NASEM)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products: an overview of the occurrence, migration, and exposure assessment

Determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles of daily use by ion chromatography and dermal risk assessment

Risk assessment due to dermal exposure of trace elements and indigo dye in jeans: Migration to artificial sweat

Occurrence and potential release of heavy metals in female underwear manufactured in China: Implication for women's health

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in textiles: Insights from GC–MS with metal content assessment using ICP-MS

Application of systematic evidence mapping to identify available data on the potential human health hazards of selected market-relevant azo dyes

Contamination of textile dyes in aquatic environment: Adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystem and human health, and its management using bioremediation

Overview of indigo biosynthesis by Flavin-containing Monooxygenases: History, industrialization challenges, and strategies

Impact of textile dyes on health and ecosystem: a review of structure, causes, and potential solutions

Impact of textile dyes on human health and bioremediation of textile industry effluent using microorganisms: current status and future prospects

Screening of regulated aromatic amines in clothing marketed in Brazil and Spain: assessment of human health risks

Assessment of urinary aromatic amines in Brazilian pregnant women and association with DNA damage

Identification of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic disperse dye in commercially available textile products by effect-directed analysis

Dermal exposure to bisphenols in pregnant women's and baby clothes: Risk characterization

Bisphenol compounds in female underwear manufactured in China and their potential risks to women's health

Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Solvent-free automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for direct screening of hazardous compounds in consumer textiles

Health risks from exposure to chemicals in clothing — Non-regulated halogenated aromatic compounds

Characterization of chemical additives in daily clothing regarding human exposure and environmental emissions

Flame retardant textile finishing: thermal analysis and dermal security

The fate of hazardous textile pollutants in an upcycling process for post-consumer garments

Clothing-mediated exposures to chemicals and particles

The widespread environmental footprint of indigo denim microfibers from blue jeans

Sustainable use of nanomaterials in textiles and their environmental impact

Synthetic textile and microfiber pollution: a review on mitigation strategies

Microfiber emissions from functionalized textiles: potential threat for human health and environmental risks

Microfiber release from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing conditions

Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human health and the environment

Unveiling the microfiber release footprint: guiding control strategies in the textile production industry

Exposure assessment and risks associated with wearing silver nanoparticle-coated textiles

Textile contact dermatitis: how fabrics can induce dermatitis

Allergies caused by textiles: control, research and future perspective in the medical field

Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients

Allergies caused by textiles and their control

Exclusion of disperse orange 3 is possible from the textile dye mix present in the Swedish baseline patch test series

Dermal Exposure to Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in As-Purchased Garments: Human Health Risk Assessment

Chronic prurigo associated with allergic contact dermatitis: a case series highlighting textile dyes and fragrance allergens

Scientific basis for managing PFAS as a chemical class